{"id":119480,"date":"2025-11-12T14:26:28","date_gmt":"2025-11-12T14:26:28","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/my.legal500.com\/guides\/?post_type=comparative_guide&#038;p=119480"},"modified":"2025-11-12T14:26:28","modified_gmt":"2025-11-12T14:26:28","slug":"jordan-international-arbitration","status":"publish","type":"comparative_guide","link":"https:\/\/my.legal500.com\/guides\/chapter\/jordan-international-arbitration\/","title":{"rendered":"Jordan: International Arbitration"},"content":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"template":"","class_list":["post-119480","comparative_guide","type-comparative_guide","status-publish","hentry","guides-international-arbitration","jurisdictions-jordan"],"acf":[],"appp":{"post_list":{"below_title":"<div class=\"guide-author-details\"><span class=\"guide-author\">Abu Sharkh &amp; Shammout Advocates and Legal Consultants<\/span><span class=\"guide-author-logo\"><img src=\"https:\/\/my.legal500.com\/guides\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1\/2025\/11\/Logo-1.jpeg\"\/><\/span><\/div>"},"post_detail":{"above_title":"<div class=\"guide-author-details\"><span class=\"guide-author\">Abu Sharkh &amp; Shammout Advocates and Legal Consultants<\/span><span class=\"guide-author-logo\"><img src=\"https:\/\/my.legal500.com\/guides\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1\/2025\/11\/Logo-1.jpeg\"\/><\/span><\/div>","below_title":"<span class=\"guide-intro\">This country specific Q&amp;A provides an overview of International Arbitration laws and regulations applicable in Jordan<\/span><div class=\"guide-content\"><div class=\"filter\">\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t<input type=\"text\" placeholder=\"Search questions and answers...\" class=\"filter-container__search-field\">\r\n\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\r\n\t\t\t<ol class=\"custom-counter\">\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"question-block filter-container__element\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"filter-container__match-html\">What legislation applies to arbitration in your country? Are there any mandatory laws?<\/h3>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<button id=\"show-me\">+<\/button>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"question_answer filter-container__match-html\" style=\"display:none;\"><p>The law governing arbitration in Jordan is the Arbitration Law No. (31) of 2001 and its amendments, which is largely based on the UNCITRAL Model Law on International Commercial Arbitration with some local adaptations. This law applies to both domestic and international arbitration conducted in Jordan unless otherwise agreed by the parties. Although the Jordanian Arbitration Law grants parties broad autonomy in determining arbitration procedures, certain provisions are mandatory, including those related to the form of the arbitration agreement, due process guarantees, judicial powers, grounds for annulment, and matters of public policy.<\/p>\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"question-block filter-container__element\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"filter-container__match-html\">Is your country a signatory to the New York Convention? Are there any reservations to the general obligations of the Convention?<\/h3>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<button id=\"show-me\">+<\/button>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"question_answer filter-container__match-html\" style=\"display:none;\"><p>Yes. Jordan is a signatory to the 1958 New York Convention on the Recognition and Enforcement of Foreign Arbitral Awards. The Convention was signed on 15 November 1979 and entered into force on 13 February 1980. Jordan adheres to the Convention within the scope of commercial transactions and on the basis of reciprocity.<\/p>\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"question-block filter-container__element\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"filter-container__match-html\">What other arbitration-related treaties and conventions is your country a party to?<\/h3>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<button id=\"show-me\">+<\/button>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"question_answer filter-container__match-html\" style=\"display:none;\"><p>Jordan is a party to several international treaties and conventions relating to arbitration, including: (1) The Convention on the Settlement of Investment Disputes between States and Nationals of Other States (ICSID, 1965); (2) The Riyadh Arab Agreement for Judicial Cooperation (1983); (3) The Unified Agreement for the Investment of Arab Capital in the Arab States; (4) The Amman Arab Convention on Commercial Arbitration; and (5) Various bilateral treaties reflecting Jordan\u2019s commitment to strengthening its position as a regional and international arbitration hub.<\/p>\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"question-block filter-container__element\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"filter-container__match-html\">Is the law governing international arbitration in your country based on the UNCITRAL Model Law? Are there significant differences between the two? Are there any impending plans to reform the arbitration laws in your country?<\/h3>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<button id=\"show-me\">+<\/button>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"question_answer filter-container__match-html\" style=\"display:none;\"><p>The Jordanian Arbitration Law No. (31) of 2001 and its amendments is largely based on the UNCITRAL Model Law on International Commercial Arbitration. It emphasizes the fundamental principles related to the doctrine of separability of the arbitration clause from the main contract, the possibility of resorting to courts for assistance in the appointment of arbitrators, and the tribunal\u2019s authority to rule on its own jurisdiction, while broadening the scope of application to include both domestic and international arbitration, in addition to enhancing the role of the judiciary in supervision.<\/p>\n<p>It cannot be said that there are substantial differences between the Jordanian Arbitration Law and the UNCITRAL Model Law; rather, the differences are procedural in nature, granting the Jordanian judiciary a clearer role in certain matters and drafting some legal provisions in a mandatory form, particularly with respect to statutory deadlines and the procedures of annulment claims.<br \/>\nThere is currently no imminent amendment project, but there are some discussions that have been informally raised concerning emergency arbitration and the mechanisms for enforcing interim measures; however, these have not yet taken the form of a formal legislative amendment.<\/p>\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"question-block filter-container__element\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"filter-container__match-html\">What arbitral institutions (if any) exist in your country? When were their rules last amended? Are any amendments being considered?<\/h3>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<button id=\"show-me\">+<\/button>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"question_answer filter-container__match-html\" style=\"display:none;\"><p>Major arbitration institutions in Jordan include: 1. The Jordanian Arbitrators Association (established in 1997); 2. The Jordanian Contractors Association\u2019s dispute resolution mechanisms for construction; 3. Dar Al Qarar Center for Law and Arbitration; and 4. The Aqaba Gulf Center for Consultation and Arbitration, located in the Aqaba Special Economic Zone. There have been no recent amendments to their rules.<\/p>\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"question-block filter-container__element\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"filter-container__match-html\">Is there a specialist arbitration court in your country?<\/h3>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<button id=\"show-me\">+<\/button>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"question_answer filter-container__match-html\" style=\"display:none;\"><p>No. Jordan does not have a specialized arbitration court. However, ordinary courts play a supportive role, handling matters such as the appointment of arbitrators and annulment of arbitral awards.<\/p>\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"question-block filter-container__element\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"filter-container__match-html\">What are the validity requirements for an arbitration agreement under the laws of your country?<\/h3>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<button id=\"show-me\">+<\/button>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"question_answer filter-container__match-html\" style=\"display:none;\"><p>Under Article 10 of the Jordanian Arbitration Law, an arbitration agreement must be in writing to be valid. The agreement may appear in the main contract, in a separate document, or through an exchange of letters or other written communications. The parties must have legal capacity and standing in the dispute, and the subject matter must be arbitrable, excluding matters such as criminal, labor, or personal status disputes.<\/p>\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"question-block filter-container__element\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"filter-container__match-html\">Are arbitration clauses considered separable from the main contract?<\/h3>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<button id=\"show-me\">+<\/button>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"question_answer filter-container__match-html\" style=\"display:none;\"><p>Yes. According to Article 16 of the Jordanian Arbitration Law, the arbitration clause is deemed independent from the main contract. Accordingly, the nullity or termination of the contract does not affect the validity of the arbitration clause.<\/p>\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"question-block filter-container__element\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"filter-container__match-html\">Do the courts of your country apply a validation principle under which an arbitration agreement should be considered valid and enforceable if it would be so considered under at least one of the national laws potentially applicable to it?<\/h3>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<button id=\"show-me\">+<\/button>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"question_answer filter-container__match-html\" style=\"display:none;\"><p>Although there is no explicit statutory provision on this matter, Jordanian courts have adopted a flexible and pro-arbitration approach, upholding arbitration clauses even in cases where local laws might conflict with them.<\/p>\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"question-block filter-container__element\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"filter-container__match-html\">Are asymmetric arbitration clauses \u2013 for instance, where one party has the right to choose between arbitration or litigation while the other party does not have this option \u2013 valid in your jurisdiction?<\/h3>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<button id=\"show-me\">+<\/button>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"question_answer filter-container__match-html\" style=\"display:none;\"><p>Jordanian courts uphold the principle of equality between parties. The Arbitration Law allows challenges to arbitration agreements that violate the law or public policy. Therefore, a clause granting one party more rights than the other, such as the sole choice between arbitration and litigation, may be considered invalid.<\/p>\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"question-block filter-container__element\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"filter-container__match-html\">In what instances can third parties or non-signatories be bound by an arbitration agreement? Are there any recent court decisions on these issues?<\/h3>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<button id=\"show-me\">+<\/button>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"question_answer filter-container__match-html\" style=\"display:none;\"><p>What applies to the arbitration agreement also applies to the arbitral award mentioned in question (33) with respect to the binding effect on third parties.<br \/>\nAccordingly, although the arbitration agreement binds only the signatories thereto, it is possible to bind the universal successor (general successor) by the arbitration agreement, as well as cases of subrogation and agency.<\/p>\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"question-block filter-container__element\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"filter-container__match-html\">Are there any recent court decisions in your country concerning the choice of law applicable to an arbitration agreement where no such law has been specified by the Parties?<\/h3>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<button id=\"show-me\">+<\/button>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"question_answer filter-container__match-html\" style=\"display:none;\"><p>No. There are no recent court decisions addressing the choice of law for arbitration agreements when not expressly agreed by the parties.<\/p>\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"question-block filter-container__element\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"filter-container__match-html\">How is the law applicable to the substance determined? Is there a specific set of choice of law rules in your country?<\/h3>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<button id=\"show-me\">+<\/button>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"question_answer filter-container__match-html\" style=\"display:none;\"><p>The general rule in determining the law applicable to any dispute is based on the general provisions contained in the Jordanian Civil Code, which depend on the nature of the relationship governing the parties to the dispute, such as the place of conclusion of the contract or the place of performance of the obligation.<br \/>\nAs for the law applicable to any arbitral dispute, Article (36) of the Jordanian Arbitration Law provides that the arbitral tribunal shall apply the law chosen by the parties, unless the choice of a particular law involves fraud.<br \/>\nThe fundamental rule for choosing any applicable law is that it must not contravene public policy or mandatory legal provisions. In the absence of an agreement between the parties, the tribunal shall apply the law it deems most appropriate and relevant to the dispute.<\/p>\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"question-block filter-container__element\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"filter-container__match-html\">In your country, are there any particular requirements for and\/or restrictions in the appointment of arbitrators?<\/h3>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<button id=\"show-me\">+<\/button>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"question_answer filter-container__match-html\" style=\"display:none;\"><p>Yes. Article 15 of the Arbitration Law prohibits the appointment of individuals who are minors, legally incapacitated, bankrupt, or convicted of a crime involving moral turpitude. Arbitrators must accept their appointment in writing and disclose any circumstances that may raise doubts about their impartiality or independence.<\/p>\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"question-block filter-container__element\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"filter-container__match-html\">Can the local courts intervene in the selection of arbitrators? If so, how?<\/h3>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<button id=\"show-me\">+<\/button>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"question_answer filter-container__match-html\" style=\"display:none;\"><p>Yes, Jordanian courts may intervene in the appointment of arbitrators pursuant to Article (16) of the Jordanian Arbitration Law, which stipulates that if the parties fail to agree on the selection of the arbitrators and the arbitral tribunal is to be composed of a sole arbitrator, the competent judge shall appoint the arbitrator upon the request of either party.<br \/>\nIf the arbitral tribunal is composed of three arbitrators, each party shall appoint one arbitrator, and the two appointed arbitrators shall agree on the appointment of the third arbitrator. If they fail to reach an agreement, the judge shall appoint the third arbitrator.<br \/>\nSimilarly, if there are three or more parties to the arbitration and they do not agree on who shall serve as the presiding arbitrator, the competent judge shall appoint the presiding arbitrator.<br \/>\nFurthermore, if the parties do not agree on the number of arbitrators or the method of their appointment, the arbitral tribunal shall consist of three arbitrators appointed by the competent judge.<\/p>\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"question-block filter-container__element\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"filter-container__match-html\">Can the appointment of an arbitrator be challenged? What are the grounds for such a challenge? What is the procedure for such a challenge?<\/h3>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<button id=\"show-me\">+<\/button>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"question_answer filter-container__match-html\" style=\"display:none;\"><p>As a general rule, and as stated in Article (17) of the Jordanian Arbitration Law, an arbitrator may not be challenged except in the presence of serious circumstances that raise doubts regarding their impartiality and independence. Furthermore, neither party to the arbitration may challenge the arbitrator they appointed or participated in appointing except for a reason that becomes apparent to them after such appointment has been made.<br \/>\nAccordingly, a request to challenge an arbitrator or to contest their appointment is linked to reasons specifically provided by law.<\/p>\n<p>Regarding the procedures, Article (18) of the Jordanian Arbitration Law stipulates that a request for challenge must be submitted in writing to the arbitral tribunal, specifying the grounds for the challenge, within fifteen (15) days from the date the party requesting the challenge becomes aware of the formation of the arbitral tribunal or the circumstances giving rise to the challenge.<\/p>\n<p>If the arbitrator whose challenge is requested does not withdraw, they must submit a response to the challenge along with supporting evidence, and the arbitral tribunal shall refer the request and the response to the competent court for adjudication. The court must examine the request thoroughly and issue its decision within thirty (30) days from the date it is received. The court\u2019s decision is final and not subject to appeal.<\/p>\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"question-block filter-container__element\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"filter-container__match-html\">Have there been any recent developments concerning the duty of independence and impartiality of the arbitrators, including the duty of disclosure?<\/h3>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<button id=\"show-me\">+<\/button>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"question_answer filter-container__match-html\" style=\"display:none;\"><p>Yes. Amendments to Article 15(c) of the Arbitration Law reinforce the continuous duty of impartiality and independence throughout the proceedings, not merely at the time of appointment.<\/p>\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"question-block filter-container__element\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"filter-container__match-html\">Are arbitrators immune from liability?<\/h3>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<button id=\"show-me\">+<\/button>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"question_answer filter-container__match-html\" style=\"display:none;\"><p>No. There is no statutory provision granting arbitrators immunity from liability for their actions.<\/p>\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"question-block filter-container__element\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"filter-container__match-html\">Is the principle of competence-competence recognized in your country?<\/h3>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<button id=\"show-me\">+<\/button>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"question_answer filter-container__match-html\" style=\"display:none;\"><p>Yes. Article 21 of the Arbitration Law empowers the arbitral tribunal to rule on its own jurisdiction, including objections regarding the existence, validity, or scope of the arbitration agreement.<\/p>\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"question-block filter-container__element\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"filter-container__match-html\">What is the approach of local courts towards a party commencing litigation in apparent breach of an arbitration agreement?<\/h3>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<button id=\"show-me\">+<\/button>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"question_answer filter-container__match-html\" style=\"display:none;\"><p>Jordanian courts follow a clear approach whereby any lawsuit brought before them concerning a dispute subject to the Arbitration Law is dismissed. Accordingly, the existence of a valid arbitration agreement prevents the court from examining the dispute, and the court must rule on the inadmissibility of the claim without entering into the merits of the case.<\/p>\n<p>This is precisely what is stated in Article (12) of the Jordanian Arbitration Law, which provides:<br \/>\na. The court before which a dispute governed by an arbitration agreement is brought shall dismiss the claim if the defendant raises this objection before addressing the merits of the case.<br \/>\nAs is evident from this article, the defendant must raise this objection before addressing the merits of the case; otherwise, the right to rely on this objection is forfeited.<\/p>\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"question-block filter-container__element\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"filter-container__match-html\">What happens when a respondent fails to participate in the arbitration? Can the local courts compel participation?<\/h3>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<button id=\"show-me\">+<\/button>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"question_answer filter-container__match-html\" style=\"display:none;\"><p>If the defendant fails to participate in the arbitration, does not submit their response, or does not attend the arbitration sessions, this does not prevent the arbitral tribunal from continuing to consider the case, proceeding with the arbitration procedures, and issuing an award based on the evidence submitted by the claimant.<br \/>\nThis is confirmed by Article (33\/c) of the Jordanian Arbitration Law, which provides as follows:<br \/>\nc. If one of the parties fails to attend any of the sessions or to submit the documents requested from them, the arbitral tribunal may continue with the arbitration proceedings and issue an award in the dispute based on the evidence available to it.<br \/>\nThere is no provision in the Jordanian Arbitration Law that allows Jordanian courts to compel the defendant to participate in the arbitration. In such a case, the defendant will face a binding and enforceable default award, provided that the arbitration has complied with all formal and legal requirements.<\/p>\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"question-block filter-container__element\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"filter-container__match-html\">Can third parties voluntarily join arbitration proceedings? If all parties agree to the intervention, is the tribunal bound by this agreement? If all parties do not agree to the intervention, can the tribunal allow for it?<\/h3>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<button id=\"show-me\">+<\/button>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"question_answer filter-container__match-html\" style=\"display:none;\"><p>Generally, arbitration agreements bind only the signatory parties. Jordanian law contains no explicit provision governing third-party joinder. However, if all parties consent and sign a supplementary agreement, a third party may join the arbitration. The arbitral tribunal cannot permit intervention without unanimous consent.<\/p>\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"question-block filter-container__element\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"filter-container__match-html\">What interim measures are available? Will local courts issue interim measures pending the constitution of the tribunal? Are anti-suit and\/or anti-arbitration injunctions available and enforceable in your country?<\/h3>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<button id=\"show-me\">+<\/button>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"question_answer filter-container__match-html\" style=\"display:none;\"><p>Available interim measures include precautionary attachment, appointment of a custodian, and travel bans. Article 13 of the Arbitration Law allows parties to request interim or protective measures from the summary judge either before or during arbitration, in accordance with the Jordanian Civil Procedure Law. Anti-suit or anti-arbitration injunctions are inconsistent with the Jordanian Constitution, which guarantees the right of access to courts.<\/p>\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"question-block filter-container__element\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"filter-container__match-html\">Are there particular rules governing evidentiary matters in arbitration? Will the local courts in your jurisdiction play any role in the obtaining of evidence? Can local courts compel witnesses to participate in arbitration proceedings?<\/h3>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<button id=\"show-me\">+<\/button>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"question_answer filter-container__match-html\" style=\"display:none;\"><p>There are no specific rules governing matters of evidence in arbitration, as the Jordanian Arbitration Law grants the arbitral tribunal broad authority and flexibility in organizing evidentiary matters. The tribunal is not bound by the formal rules of evidence applied before the courts.<br \/>\nAs for the role of the courts in Jordan, it is auxiliary rather than interventionist. The arbitral tribunal may seek the assistance of the court to issue an order compelling a witness to attend. Since the tribunal does not have the authority to compel a witness to appear before it, the court may issue a binding order requiring the witness to appear before the arbitral tribunal.<\/p>\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"question-block filter-container__element\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"filter-container__match-html\">What ethical codes and other professional standards, if any, apply to counsel and arbitrators conducting proceedings in your country? Do these codes and professional standards apply only to counsel and arbitrators having the nationality of your jurisdiction?<\/h3>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<button id=\"show-me\">+<\/button>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"question_answer filter-container__match-html\" style=\"display:none;\"><p>Lawyers and arbitrators in Jordan are subject to ethical and professional obligations to ensure fairness and integrity. Lawyers are governed by the Jordanian Bar Association Law No. (11) of 1972 and its Code of Ethics, which emphasize confidentiality, avoidance of conflicts of interest, and adherence to honesty and honor. Arbitrators are bound by the Arbitration Law to remain independent and impartial, and to disclose any circumstances that may raise doubts. These standards apply equally to Jordanian and foreign practitioners operating in Jordan.<\/p>\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"question-block filter-container__element\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"filter-container__match-html\">In your country, are there any rules with respect to the confidentiality of arbitration proceedings?<\/h3>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<button id=\"show-me\">+<\/button>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"question_answer filter-container__match-html\" style=\"display:none;\"><p>The Jordanian Arbitration Law does not contain an explicit confidentiality clause, but confidentiality is widely recognized as a customary principle in both domestic and international arbitration.<\/p>\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"question-block filter-container__element\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"filter-container__match-html\">How are the IBA guidelines on conflicts of interest and other similar soft law sources viewed by courts and tribunals in your jurisdiction? Are they frequently applied?<\/h3>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<button id=\"show-me\">+<\/button>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"question_answer filter-container__match-html\" style=\"display:none;\"><p>The International Bar Association (IBA) Guidelines are not binding in Jordan but are regarded as persuasive and interpretive sources. Courts and tribunals may refer to them, particularly in cases concerning challenges to arbitrators\u2019 independence or impartiality, especially where the parties have agreed to apply such standards.<\/p>\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"question-block filter-container__element\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"filter-container__match-html\">How are the costs of arbitration proceedings estimated and allocated? Can pre- and post-award interest be included on the principal claim and costs incurred?<\/h3>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<button id=\"show-me\">+<\/button>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"question_answer filter-container__match-html\" style=\"display:none;\"><p>The assessment and allocation of the costs of arbitration proceedings, including the arbitrators\u2019 fees, administrative expenses, and attorneys\u2019 fees, are subject to the provisions of the Jordanian Arbitration Law and the agreement between the arbitral tribunal and the parties to the arbitration.<br \/>\nIf no agreement is reached between them, the costs are determined by a decision of the arbitral tribunal, and the parties are required to pay the arbitrators\u2019 fees equally among them.<br \/>\nThe costs of the arbitration proceedings are allocated according to the circumstances of the dispute, based on what each party has won or lost, as determined by a decision issued with the final award. Regarding the award of legal interest, the arbitral tribunal rules that the legal interest is calculated from the date the claim was filed, not prior to that.<\/p>\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"question-block filter-container__element\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"filter-container__match-html\">How are applications for security for costs viewed in your jurisdiction?<\/h3>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<button id=\"show-me\">+<\/button>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"question_answer filter-container__match-html\" style=\"display:none;\"><p>The Arbitration Law does not explicitly regulate applications for security for costs. Although uncommon in Jordan, tribunals may order a party to provide security (such as a bank guarantee or cash deposit) under their procedural discretion to ensure payment of costs.<\/p>\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"question-block filter-container__element\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"filter-container__match-html\">What legal requirements are there in your country for the recognition and enforcement of an award? Is there a requirement that the award be reasoned, i.e. substantiated and motivated?<\/h3>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<button id=\"show-me\">+<\/button>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"question_answer filter-container__match-html\" style=\"display:none;\"><p>Article 52 of the Arbitration Law provides that arbitral awards have res judicata effect and are enforceable. To enforce an award, a request must be submitted to the Court of Cassation, accompanied by the arbitration agreement, the original or certified copy of the award, and an Arabic translation certified by an authorized entity if issued in another language. The court reviews the request and orders enforcement unless the award violates public policy or the respondent was not duly notified. The award must be reasoned and include details of the parties, arbitrators, summary of the arbitration agreement, claims, reasoning, and dispositive part.<\/p>\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"question-block filter-container__element\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"filter-container__match-html\">What is the estimated timeframe for the recognition and enforcement of an award (domestic and international)? Can a party bring a motion for the recognition and enforcement of an award on an ex parte basis? Would the standard of review be different for domestic and international awards?<\/h3>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<button id=\"show-me\">+<\/button>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"question_answer filter-container__match-html\" style=\"display:none;\"><p>The timeframe for recognition and enforcement of domestic awards generally ranges from 3 to 6 months. International awards are enforced under the Foreign Judgments Execution Law No. (8) of 1952 and typically take 4 to 8 months. A party may file for enforcement ex parte, and the standard of review is similar for domestic and international awards.<\/p>\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"question-block filter-container__element\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"filter-container__match-html\">Can arbitration awards be appealed or challenged in local courts? What are the grounds and procedure in this regard? Is it possible for parties to waive any rights of appeal or challenge to an award by agreement?<\/h3>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<button id=\"show-me\">+<\/button>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"question_answer filter-container__match-html\" style=\"display:none;\"><p>Arbitral awards cannot be appealed through ordinary legal remedies under Article 48 of the Arbitration Law. However, an annulment (set-aside) action may be filed before the Court of Cassation on specific grounds listed in Articles 49\u201351, such as: lack of a valid arbitration agreement, incapacity, improper notification, excess of jurisdiction, improper tribunal formation, or violation of mandatory procedural requirements. Annulment must be filed within 30 days of notification. A waiver of the right to seek annulment is invalid under Article 50(b).<\/p>\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"question-block filter-container__element\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"filter-container__match-html\">In what instances can third parties or non-signatories be bound by an award? To what extent might a third party challenge the recognition of an award?<\/h3>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<button id=\"show-me\">+<\/button>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"question_answer filter-container__match-html\" style=\"display:none;\"><p>As a rule, arbitral awards bind only the parties. The effects of the award may extend to general successors (e.g., heirs) unless the arbitration agreement stipulates otherwise. Third parties generally cannot challenge recognition except where their legal interests are directly affected.<\/p>\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"question-block filter-container__element\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"filter-container__match-html\">Are there any rules \/ court decisions that regulate or prohibit third party funding of arbitration proceedings \u2013 for instance, where funding by an entity not involved in the dispute in return for a share of the eventual award may be barred \u2013 in your jurisdiction?<\/h3>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<button id=\"show-me\">+<\/button>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"question_answer filter-container__match-html\" style=\"display:none;\"><p>There are no provisions in the Jordanian Arbitration Law regulating third-party funding, and no court decisions addressing it. Third-party funding remains rare and unregulated in Jordanian arbitration practice.<\/p>\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"question-block filter-container__element\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"filter-container__match-html\">Is emergency arbitrator relief available in your country? Are decisions made by emergency arbitrators readily enforceable?<\/h3>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<button id=\"show-me\">+<\/button>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"question_answer filter-container__match-html\" style=\"display:none;\"><p>There is no express provision for emergency arbitration under Jordanian law. However, Article 13 allows parties to request interim measures from the summary judge, and Article 23 permits the tribunal to order provisional measures and require appropriate security for their execution.<\/p>\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"question-block filter-container__element\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"filter-container__match-html\">Are there arbitral laws or arbitration institutional rules in your country providing simplified or expedited procedures for claims under a certain value? Are they often used?<\/h3>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<button id=\"show-me\">+<\/button>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"question_answer filter-container__match-html\" style=\"display:none;\"><p>The Arbitration Law does not provide for simplified or expedited procedures based on claim value. Nevertheless, parties may agree contractually to streamline proceedings or shorten timelines.<\/p>\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"question-block filter-container__element\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"filter-container__match-html\">Have there been any recent court decisions in your country considering the setting aside of an award that has been enforced in another jurisdiction or vice versa?<\/h3>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<button id=\"show-me\">+<\/button>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"question_answer filter-container__match-html\" style=\"display:none;\"><p>There have been no reported Jordanian court decisions annulling awards enforced abroad or vice versa. Jordanian courts generally adhere to the framework of the New York Convention and national arbitration law.<\/p>\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"question-block filter-container__element\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"filter-container__match-html\">Have there been any recent court decisions in your country considering the issue of corruption? What standard do local courts apply for proving corruption? Which party bears the burden of proving corruption?<\/h3>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<button id=\"show-me\">+<\/button>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"question_answer filter-container__match-html\" style=\"display:none;\"><p>Jordan places great importance on combating corruption, and the Jordanian judiciary issues severe rulings in certain cases. There are numerous corruption cases in which judgments have been issued ranging from imprisonment to fines.<br \/>\nRegarding the standard applied by Jordanian courts to prove corruption, it should be noted that the Economic Crimes Law and the Integrity and Anti-Corruption Law govern corruption cases. These laws define the types of acts that constitute corruption and the penalties prescribed for them.<br \/>\nThe standard applied to prove corruption is the same as that applied in criminal cases in general, which requires the existence of sufficient evidence to secure a conviction.<br \/>\nAs for who bears the burden of proving corruption, the Public Prosecution is responsible for proving the crime before the court and for establishing all the material and moral elements of the corruption offense.<\/p>\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"question-block filter-container__element\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"filter-container__match-html\">Have there been any recent court decisions in your country with respect to intra-European investor-State arbitration generally or enforcement of awards stemming from proceedings of this nature? Are there any pending decisions?<\/h3>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<button id=\"show-me\">+<\/button>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"question_answer filter-container__match-html\" style=\"display:none;\"><p>While Jordan has been involved in some disputes with European investors, no arbitration awards of this nature have been issued or enforced within Jordan.<\/p>\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"question-block filter-container__element\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"filter-container__match-html\">Have arbitral institutions in your country implemented reforms towards greater use of technology and a more cost-effective conduct of arbitrations? Have there been any recent developments regarding virtual hearings?<\/h3>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<button id=\"show-me\">+<\/button>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"question_answer filter-container__match-html\" style=\"display:none;\"><p>Although the Arbitration Law does not address technology use, arbitral institutions increasingly employ digital tools for submissions, case management, e-payments, and virtual hearings. Jordan\u2019s Ministry of Digital Economy and Entrepreneurship has launched digital transformation initiatives, fostering broader use of technology across all sectors.<\/p>\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"question-block filter-container__element\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"filter-container__match-html\">Have there been any recent developments in your jurisdiction with regard to disputes involving ESG issues such as climate change, sustainability, social responsibility and\/or human rights?<\/h3>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<button id=\"show-me\">+<\/button>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"question_answer filter-container__match-html\" style=\"display:none;\"><p>Jordan has implemented multiple policies addressing environmental, social, and governance (ESG) issues, including the National Climate Change Policy (2022\u20132050), the National Water Strategy (2023\u20132040), and the Integrated Landscape Management Initiative. These frameworks promote sustainability and align with global climate and governance standards.<\/p>\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"question-block filter-container__element\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"filter-container__match-html\">Have any international economic sanctions regimes been implemented (either independently, or based on EU law) in your jurisdiction recently? Have there been any recent decisions in your country considering the impact of sanctions on international arbitration proceedings?<\/h3>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<button id=\"show-me\">+<\/button>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"question_answer filter-container__match-html\" style=\"display:none;\"><p>Jordan complies with UN Security Council sanctions but has not independently implemented EU sanctions. There are no judicial or arbitral decisions addressing the impact of sanctions on arbitration proceedings.<\/p>\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"question-block filter-container__element\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"filter-container__match-html\">Has your country implemented any rules or regulations regarding the use of artificial intelligence, generative artificial intelligence or large language models in the context of international arbitration?<\/h3>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<button id=\"show-me\">+<\/button>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"question_answer filter-container__match-html\" style=\"display:none;\"><p>Jordan launched a National Artificial Intelligence Strategy focused on safe, ethical, and regulatory implementation of AI technologies. Although no specific legislation governs AI or generative AI in arbitration, the national plan prioritizes AI integration across sectors. Parties remain free to apply international AI-related standards in arbitrations seated in Jordan.<\/p>\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\r\n<div class=\"word-count-hidden\" style=\"display:none;\">Estimated word count: <span class=\"word-count\">4085<\/span><\/div>\r\n\r\n\t\t\t<\/ol>\r\n\r\n<script type=\"text\/javascript\" src=\"\/wp-content\/themes\/twentyseventeen\/src\/jquery\/components\/filter-guides.js\" async><\/script><\/div>"}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/my.legal500.com\/guides\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comparative_guide\/119480","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/my.legal500.com\/guides\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comparative_guide"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/my.legal500.com\/guides\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/comparative_guide"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/my.legal500.com\/guides\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=119480"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}