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Articles contributed by Ivanyan and Partners
Russia
Khristofor Ivanyan and Vasily Torkanovskiy
1 International anti-corruption conventions To which international anti-corruption conventions is your country a signatory? Russia is a signatory to the following international anti-corruption conventions:
• the Criminal Law Convention on Corruption (Strasbourg, 27 January 1999) (the 1999 Strasbourg Convention), came into force in the Russian Federation on 28 July 2006;
• the UN Convention against Corruption (31 October 2003) (the 2003 UN Convention), which came into force in the Russian Federation on 8 June 2006;
• the UN Convention against Transnational Organised Crime (15 November 2000), which came into force in the Russian Federa¬tion on 25 June 2004; and
• on 7 March 2009 the Russian Federation signed the Additional Protocol to the Criminal Law Convention on Corruption (15 May 2003), but has not yet ratified it.
General Criminal Law Enforcement
1.1 What authorities can prosecute business crimes, and are there different enforcement authorities at the national and regional levels?
Only state prosecutors and victims (albeit to a very limited extent) can act as prosecutors before the Russian courts. However, the preliminary investigations can be conducted by a variety of state bodies depending primarily on the subject matter of the alleged offence.
Private Antitrust Litigation in Russia
In the light of the legislative reform of 2006 the growing role of Federal Antitrust Service and antitrust proceedings impels to look at current antitrust regulations from a practical perspective. This article is aimed to describe the course of possible antitrust proceedings, both administrative and civil, civil claims in criminal proceedings, available appeals, remedies and the allocation of liability. The basic legal institutions are compared, where possible, to their counterparts existing in foreign substantive and procedural law.